{"id":16785,"date":"2020-01-31T11:37:46","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T14:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/?p=16785"},"modified":"2025-04-04T13:49:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T16:49:19","slug":"new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/florida\/jacksonville-fl\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\/","title":{"rendered":"Lethal Bronzing and Palm Trees: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A deadly disease has killed hundreds of the Sunshine State\u2019s beloved palm trees, including Florida\u2019s state tree, the sabal palmetto palm. Called lethal bronzing disease, it started affecting Jacksonville palms in the past decade.&nbsp;<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This palm tree killer gets its name because of its most striking symptom: It turns palm fronds bronze-brown before eventually killing the tree. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lethal bronzing used to be called Texas Phoenix Palm Decline (TPPD) because it was first discovered infecting trees from the Phoenix genus of palms in Texas. However, it\u2019s no longer an accurate name, as it has reached Louisiana and Florida and affects at least 21 palm tree species.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Learn how to spot and prevent lethal bronzing in your own Jacksonville trees in this article.&nbsp;<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article covers:<\/p>    <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><a href=\"#history\">Lethal Bronzing&#8217;s History in Florida<\/a><\/li>    <li><a href=\"#cause\">Cause of Lethal Bronzing<\/a><\/li>    <li><a href=\"#symptoms\">Symptoms of Lethal Bronzing<\/a><\/li>    <li><a href=\"#management\">Management<\/a><\/li>    <li><a href=\"#prevention\">How to Prevent Lethal Bronzing<\/a><\/li>    <li><a href=\"#faq\">FAQ About Lethal Bronzing<\/a><\/li> <\/ul>    <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"history\">Lethal Bronzing&#8217;s History in Florida<\/h2>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lethal bronzing was first discovered in Florida in 2006 in Hillsborough, Manatee, and Sarasota counties in West Central Florida. By 2013, it had already killed palm trees here in Duval County. As of 2022, arborists have found that the disease has spread to 36 of the Sunshine State\u2019s 67 counties. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jacksonville seems to be the northernmost city affected for now, and it has spread as far south as the Keys.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.ifas.ufl.edu\/duvalco\/author\/larryfigart\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Larry Figart<\/a> is an urban forestry extension agent for UF\/IFAS (University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences) Extension Duval County. He says several things have happened to increase the alarm about this deadly disease. \u201cThe number of counties of record expanded, they found the vector that carried it, and they increased the number of host palms,\u201d he says.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The disease is spreading throughout Northeast Florida and is prolific in Tampa and St. Petersburg. Figart remarks that lethal bronzing may have made its way to Jacksonville thanks to newly planted trees brought in from the Tampa area.<\/p>    <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cause\">Cause of Lethal Bronzing<\/h2>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figart says there is still a lot we don\u2019t know about lethal bronzing. He says researchers do know what insect is responsible for spreading it. \u201cWe just found out [in 2021] what the insect is,\u201d he says.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The insect is a planthopper insect called the <a href=\"https:\/\/entnemdept.ufl.edu\/creatures\/ORN\/PALMS\/palm_cixiid.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">palm cixiid<\/a> (<em>Haplaxius crudus<\/em>). This tiny insect is yellow-olive in color with transparent wings. Figart says these pests suck the sap of infected trees, then move to feed on another tree, spreading the disease. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers suggest that the palm cixiid may have come <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ifas.ufl.edu\/news\/2021\/09\/07\/uf-ifas-scientist-reaches-turning-point-on-palm-disease-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">from the Caribbean in the early 1900s<\/a>, hitching a ride on imported palms. The palms may have been carrying plant diseases way back then.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the insect itself doesn\u2019t cause lethal bronzing; it only spreads it. The disease is actually caused by phytoplasmas, which are a type of bacteria without a cell wall. Because of its lack of a cell wall, it\u2019s difficult to study in a lab. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The phytoplasma is closely related to the phytoplasma that causes lethal yellowing, another deadly palm disease affecting more than 30 types of palm trees in South Florida. These phytoplasmas don\u2019t seem to be able to spread through tools, as they can only survive in sap and insects.<\/p>    <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"symptoms\">Symptoms of Lethal Bronzing<\/h2>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jax homeowners won\u2019t notice any symptoms until 4 to 5 months after their beloved palm has been infected. Fruits will start dropping to the ground much earlier than expected. Then, the palm\u2019s flowers start dying.&nbsp;<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your palms don\u2019t have fruit or flowers, the first symptom you\u2019ll observe is lethal bronzing&#8217;s most prominent one: The oldest leaves will start turning bronze, brown, or gray. The disease will work its way up to the younger fronds until it reaches the spear leaf. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your palm\u2019s spear leaf has collapsed, then your palm is completely dead. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the first sign of disease, your palm has about 2 to 3 months left to live.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This happens because the phytoplasma concentrates in the palm\u2019s sap at the base of the tree and cuts off its circulatory system. Associate Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/flrec.ifas.ufl.edu\/faculty\/dr-brian-bahder-\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dr. Brian Bahder<\/a> of the UF\/IFAS describes it as being like a heart attack. \u201cThe blood vessels are just clogging up, and the palm can\u2019t handle it, and it dies,\u201d he says.<\/p>    <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"management\">Management<\/h2>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like its name suggests, lethal bronzing is a death sentence for your palm trees, even before they start showing symptoms. For now, it\u2019s even deadlier than lethal yellowing, which can be cured with and has been curbed by antibiotic injections.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once your palm starts showing signs of lethal bronzing, it should be removed to prevent the disease from spreading. Then, test the neighboring trees for lethal bronzing; contact your county\u2019s UF\/IFAS Extension office for help. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Any trees found to test positive for lethal bronzing should be removed from your property.&nbsp;<\/p>    <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prevention\">How to Prevent Lethal Bronzing<\/h2>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also inject your healthy palm trees with antibiotics to prevent lethal bronzing. This involves injecting them with oxytetracycline-hydrochloride (OTC) every 3 to 4 months for at least two years.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, there are downsides to this preventative treatment. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, it can get expensive if you have a lot of trees to treat. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UF\/IFAS\u2019 Figart says the injections can also do lasting damage to your palm trees. The injections scar the trees, and palms don\u2019t heal as quickly as other trees. \u201cYou\u2019ll see every single injection site. You\u2019re wounding the tree,\u201d he says. <\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figart recommends treating your trees only if the disease is in your neighborhood. \u201cThat means the vector is around. If it\u2019s not nearby, there is no reason to inject your trees.\u201d<\/p>    <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">FAQ About Lethal Bronzing<\/h2>    <div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1679919455272\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What palm species are affected by lethal bronzing?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">According to the UF\/IFAS, these palms can be infected with lethal bronzing:<br\/><br\/> \u2022 Coyol palm<br\/> \u2022 Christmas palm<br\/> \u2022 Dwarf sugar palm<br\/> \u2022 Bismarck palm<br\/> \u2022 San Jose Hesper palm<br\/> \u2022 Pindo palm<br\/> \u2022 Carpentaria palm<br\/> \u2022 Coconut palm<br\/> \u2022 Chinese fan palm<br\/> \u2022 Canary Island date palm<br\/> \u2022 Edible date palm<br\/> \u2022 Pygmy date palm<br\/> \u2022 Wild date palm<br\/> \u2022 Fiji fan palm<br\/> \u2022 Buccaneer palm<br\/> \u2022 Needle palm<br\/> \u2022 Mexican palmetto<br\/> \u2022 Cabbage palm<br\/> \u2022 Queen palm<br\/> \u2022 Chinese windmill palm<br\/><br\/>If you have any of these palm trees in your yard, keep an eye out for lethal bronzing symptoms in your neighborhood and take appropriate action.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1679919634557\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What palms are safe from lethal bronzing?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Do you want to add <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/florida\/jacksonville-fl\/landscaping-with-palm-trees-jacksonville\/\">palm trees to your Jacksonville yard<\/a>? For now, Jax homeowners don\u2019t have to worry about these palms being infected with lethal bronzing:<br\/><br\/> \u2022 Paurotis palm<br\/> \u2022 Hardy bamboo palm<br\/> \u2022 Saw palmetto palm<br\/> \u2022 Caranday palm<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1679919671453\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Are there other palm diseases that you should worry about?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Yes, there are a few other diseases that palm lovers should keep an eye out for. These palm diseases include:<br\/><br\/>  \u2022  Ganoderma butt rot<br\/>  \u2022  Fusarium wilt<br\/>  \u2022  Bud rot<br\/><br\/>While not a disease, overpruning is also a huge problem with palms. Figart says that over-pruning worsens nutrient deficiencies, invites diseases and pests like palm weevils, and ruins the shape of the tree.-<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1679919710931\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><\/p> <\/div> <\/div>    <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Keep Your Jacksonville Trees Healthy<\/h2>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jacksonville lawns have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/landscaping\/best-shade-trees-plant-jacksonville\/\">more trees<\/a> than just majestic palms. Maintaining these towering beauties is well worth the effort, but not everyone has the time or energy to do so. If you\u2019re one of these busy homeowners, connect with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/jacksonville-fl-tree-care\">Jacksonville tree care professional<\/a> to handle all your tree care needs for you.<\/p>    <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Main Photo by: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sabal_palmetto_%28cabbage_palm_trees%29_%28Sanibel_Island,_Florida,_USA%29_1_%2824923087089%29.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James St. John<\/a> \/ Wikimedia Commons \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>  <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A deadly disease has killed hundreds of the Sunshine State\u2019s beloved palm trees, including Florida\u2019s state tree, the sabal palmetto [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157,"featured_media":87337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[478,339,668],"tags":[1995],"class_list":["post-16785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-florida","category-jacksonville-fl","category-tree-care","tag-fl-tree-care"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Lethal-Bronzong.jpg?wsr","author_info":{"display_name":"Janine Caayao","author_link":"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/author\/janine-caayao\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lethal Bronzing and Palm Trees: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is lethal bronzing and how does it kill Florida palm trees? Our article looks at lethal bronzing&#039;s cause, symptoms, and treatment.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/florida\/jacksonville-fl\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lethal Bronzing and Palm Trees: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is lethal bronzing and how does it kill Florida palm trees? Our article looks at lethal bronzing&#039;s cause, symptoms, and treatment.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/florida\/jacksonville-fl\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lawnstarter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-31T14:37:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-04T16:49:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lawnstarter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Lethal-Bronzong.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Janine Caayao\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Janine Caayao\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Janine Caayao\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/33379e54d840eb01b42aa7509968b8ec\"},\"headline\":\"Lethal Bronzing and Palm Trees: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-31T14:37:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-04T16:49:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1233,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/Lethal-Bronzong.jpg?wsr\",\"keywords\":[\"fl tree care\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Florida\",\"Jacksonville, FL\",\"Tree care\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lethal Bronzing and Palm Trees: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/Lethal-Bronzong.jpg?wsr\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-31T14:37:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-04T16:49:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"What is lethal bronzing and how does it kill Florida palm trees? 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Now, she\u2019s interested in urban gardening with her family. She loves finding new tips and tricks to keep their plants thriving.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/janine-caayao\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#faq-question-1679919455272\",\"position\":1,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#faq-question-1679919455272\",\"name\":\"What palm species are affected by lethal bronzing?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"According to the UF\\\/IFAS, these palms can be infected with lethal bronzing:<br\\\/><br\\\/> \u2022 Coyol palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Christmas palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Dwarf sugar palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Bismarck palm<br\\\/> \u2022 San Jose Hesper palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Pindo palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Carpentaria palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Coconut palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Chinese fan palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Canary Island date palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Edible date palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Pygmy date palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Wild date palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Fiji fan palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Buccaneer palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Needle palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Mexican palmetto<br\\\/> \u2022 Cabbage palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Queen palm<br\\\/> \u2022 Chinese windmill palm<br\\\/><br\\\/>If you have any of these palm trees in your yard, keep an eye out for lethal bronzing symptoms in your neighborhood and take appropriate action.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#faq-question-1679919634557\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/new-disease-lethal-bronzing-jacksonville-trees\\\/#faq-question-1679919634557\",\"name\":\"What palms are safe from lethal bronzing?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Do you want to add <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lawnstarter.com\\\/blog\\\/florida\\\/jacksonville-fl\\\/landscaping-with-palm-trees-jacksonville\\\/\\\">palm trees to your Jacksonville yard<\\\/a>? 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